Flapper stabilization for back pressure valve

ABSTRACT

A valve assembly with a longitudinal flow passage, a first longitudinal section of the flow passage having less flow area than a second longitudinal section of the flow passage, and a valve that permits flow in only one direction through the flow passage, the valve including a closure member. In an open position, the closure member can be disposed between the second flow passage section and a chamber in fluid communication with the first flow passage section. A method in which a valve assembly is connected in a tubular string, the valve assembly including a valve that permits flow in only one direction through a longitudinal flow passage of the valve assembly, and fluid is flowed in the one direction through the tubular string, thereby displacing a closure member of the valve to an open position and preventing displacement of the closure member toward a closed position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/869,483 filed 29 Sep. 2015, which claims priority under 35 USC §119to International application serial no. PCT/US15/14877 filed 6 Feb.2015. The entire disclosures of these prior applications areincorporated herein by this reference.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates generally to equipment utilized and operationsperformed in conjunction with fluid flow controls and, in one exampledescribed below, more particularly provides for flapper stabilization incoiled tubing back pressure valves.

Valves can be used for fluid flow control in well operations. Forexample, a back pressure valve can be connected in a coiled tubingstring, in order to prevent well pressure from being communicated tosurface via the coiled tubing string. Thus, it will be readilyappreciated that improvements are continually needed in the arts ofconstructing and operating fluid flow control valves.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a representative partially cross-sectional view of a wellsystem and associated method which can embody principles of thisdisclosure.

FIG. 2 is a representative enlarged scale cross-sectional view of avalve assembly that can embody the principles of this disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a representative further enlarged scale cross-sectional viewof one example of a valve that can embody the principles of thisdisclosure, the valve being in a closed configuration.

FIG. 4 is a representative cross-sectional view of the valve in an openconfiguration, taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the valve, taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a representative cross-sectional view of another example ofthe valve.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Representatively illustrated in FIG. 1 is a well system 10 andassociated method which can embody principles of this disclosure.However, it should be clearly understood that the system 10 and methodare merely one example of an application of the principles of thisdisclosure in practice, and a wide variety of other examples arepossible. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited at allto the details of the system 10 and method described herein and/ordepicted in the drawings.

In the FIG. 1 example, a tubular string 12 is positioned in a wellbore14 lined with casing 16 and cement 18. Although multiple casing stringswould typically be used in actual practice, for clarity of illustrationonly one string of casing 16 is depicted in the drawings.

As used herein, the term “casing” is used to refer to a protectivewellbore lining. Casing could be of the types known to those skilled inthe art as casing, tubing or liner. Casing may be segmented orcontinuous. Casing may be pre-formed or formed in situ. Casing may bemade of steel, other metals or alloys, polymers, composites, or anyother material. The scope of this disclosure is not limited to use ofany particular type of casing, or to use of casing at all.

As used herein, the term “cement” is used to refer to a material whichhardens to secure and seal a casing in a wellbore. Cement does notnecessarily comprise a cementitious material, since hardenable polymersor other materials may be used instead. Cement may harden due tohydration, passage of time, exposure to heat, exposure to a hardeningagent, or due to any other stimulus. The scope of this disclosure is notlimited to use of any particular type of cement, or to use of cement atall.

Although the wellbore 14 is illustrated as being vertical, sections ofthe wellbore could instead be horizontal or otherwise inclined relativeto vertical. Although the wellbore 14 is completely cased and cementedas depicted in FIG. 1, any sections of the wellbore in which operationsdescribed in more detail below are performed could be uncased or openhole. Thus, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to anyparticular details of the system 10 and method.

The tubular string 12 of FIG. 1 comprises coiled tubing 20 and a bottomhole assembly (BHA) 22. As used herein, the term “coiled tubing” refersto a substantially continuous tubing that is stored on a spool or reel24. The reel 24 could be mounted, for example, on a skid, a trailer, afloating vessel, a vehicle, etc., for transport to a wellsite. Althoughnot shown in FIG. 1, a control room or cab would typically be providedwith instrumentation, computers, controllers, recorders, etc., forcontrolling equipment such as an injector 26 and a blowout preventerstack 28.

When the tubular string 12 is positioned in the wellbore 14, an annulus30 is formed radially between them. Fluid, slurries, etc., can be flowedfrom surface into the annulus 30 via, for example, a casing valve 32.One or more pumps (not shown) may be used for this purpose. Fluid canalso be flowed to surface from the wellbore 14 via the annulus 30 andvalve 32.

Fluid, slurries, etc., can also be flowed from surface into the wellbore14 via the tubing 20 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow 34 in FIG.1). However, in the FIG. 1 example, a valve assembly 40 connected in thetubular string 12 prevents fluid from flowing to surface from thewellbore 14 via the tubing 20.

The valve assembly 40 is, in this example, of the type known to thoseskilled in the art as a “back pressure” valve, since it prevents wellpressure from being communicated to the surface via the coiled tubing20. However, in other examples, the valve assembly 40 may notnecessarily be a back pressure valve, and may not necessarily beconnected in a coiled tubing string. Thus, it will be understood thatthe scope of this disclosure is not limited to any of the specificdetails of the valve assembly 40 or its use in the well system 10 ofFIG. 1.

Referring additionally now to FIG. 2, an enlarged scale cross-sectionalview of one example of the valve assembly 40 is representativelyillustrated, apart from the remainder of the system 10 and method ofFIG. 1. However, note that the valve assembly 40 may be used in othersystems and methods, in keeping with the principles of this disclosure.

In the FIG. 2 example, the valve assembly 40 includes a housing assembly42, with tubular string connectors 44 at opposite ends of the housingassembly. The connectors 44 are configured for threaded attachment toadjoining sections of the tubular string 12. Instead of threadedattachment, other connecting means (such as, quick connects, swaging,welds, etc.) may be used in other examples.

A flow passage 46 extends longitudinally through the valve assembly 40.When connected in the tubular string 12, the flow passage 46 forms alongitudinal section of a flow passage extending longitudinally throughthe coiled tubing 20 and certain other elements of the tubular string.

As depicted in FIG. 2, multiple valves 50 are contained in the housingassembly 42. However, in other examples, only a single valve 50 or othernumbers of valves may be used, and the valve(s) are not necessarilycontained within a separate housing assembly. Thus, the scope of thisdisclosure is not limited to any particular details of the valve(s) 50described herein or depicted in the drawings.

Each of the valves 50 in the FIG. 2 example is operative to permit flowin one direction 34, but prevent flow in an opposite direction 36,through the passage 46. The use of multiple valves 50 providesredundancy.

The present inventors have determined that failures of prior backpressure valves are due, at least to a significant extent, to excessivemovement of valve flappers as fluid flows through the valves. The fluidflow causes a flapper to pivot toward an open position against a biasingforce exerted by a spring. However, since the fluid flow is generallyturbulent and the spring is continually acting to displace the flappertoward a closed position, the flapper is constantly reciprocatingbetween the open and closed positions. This leads to valve damage, suchas, fatigue failure of the spring and/or excessive wear of a flapperpivot or hinge.

The present inventors have further determined that it would be desirableto be able to maintain a closure member of a valve at an open position,thereby preventing the closure member from displacing toward a closedposition, while fluid flows through the valve. By preventingdisplacement of the closure member toward the closed position, a usefullife of the valve can be greatly extended (e.g., by preventing fatiguefailure of a spring, by eliminating excessive wear, etc.).

Referring additionally now to FIG. 3, an enlarged scale cross-sectionalview of an example of one of the valves 50 is representativelyillustrated apart from the remainder of the valve assembly 40. Ofcourse, the valve 50 may be used in other valve assemblies, in keepingwith the principles of this disclosure.

In the FIG. 3 example, the valve 50 is in a closed configuration. Aclosure member 52 of the valve 50 sealingly engages an annular valveseat 54 and thereby prevents flow through the passage 46. The closuremember 52 can be biased toward this closed position by a spring or otherbiasing device (such as, a torsion spring, a beam-type spring, aresilient elastomer material, etc., not shown).

The closure member 52 is depicted in the FIG. 3 example as comprising aflapper. The flapper is pivotably mounted relative to a body 56 of thevalve 50 by means of a pivot or hinge 58. However, in other examples,other types of closure members may be used (such as, sleeves, plugs,gates, etc.), which are not necessarily pivotably mounted. Thus, thescope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular details of thevalve 50 as described herein or depicted in the drawings.

In this closed position, flow in the direction 36 (upward as viewed inFIG. 3) is prevented by the sealing engagement between the closuremember 52 and the seat 54. Flow in the direction 34 (downward as viewedin FIG. 3) will also be prevented, unless a sufficient pressuredifferential is created across the closure member 52 to overcome thebiasing force exerted by the spring or other biasing device, which willcause the closure member to pivot out of sealing engagement with theseat 54.

Referring additionally now to FIGS. 4 & 5, cross-sectional and sideviews of the valve 50 in an open configuration are representativelyillustrated. In this configuration, fluid 60 flows through the passage46 and, as described more fully below, the fluid flow acts to maintainthe closure member 52 in its open position.

Note that a section 46 a of the flow passage 46 downstream of theclosure member 52 has a smaller flow area as compared to another section46 b of the flow passage directly adjacent the closure member. Thereduced flow area flow passage section 46 a acts as a venturi,increasing a velocity of the fluid 60 flowing through the section 46 a,and thereby reducing pressure in the section 46 a . In this manner, apressure differential is created between the different longitudinalsections 46 a,b of the flow passage 46.

Note, also, that with the closure member 52 in its open position, theclosure member is disposed between the flow passage section 46 b and achamber 64 (the chamber is outwardly enclosed by the housing assembly42, see FIG. 2). Ports 62 formed through the valve body 56 provide fluidcommunication between the flow passage section 46 a and the chamber 64.

Thus, one side 52 a of the closure member 52 is exposed to pressure inthe chamber 64, and an opposite side 52 b of the closure member isexposed to pressure in the flow passage section 46 b . Since the chamber64 is in communication with the flow passage section 46 a , fluidpressure acting on the side 52 a will be less than fluid pressure actingon the side 52 b , and so the resulting pressure differential across theclosure member 52 will act to bias the closure member toward its FIGS. 4& 5 open position. The valve 50 can be appropriately configured so thatthe pressure differential across the closure member 52 is great enoughto prevent any displacement of the closure member toward its closedposition, while the fluid 60 flows through the passage 46.

In the FIGS. 4 & 5 example, the closure member 52 does not completelyseal off the chamber 64 from the flow passage section 46 b . Thus, sincepressure in the chamber 64 is less than pressure in the flow passagesection 46 b , some of the fluid 60 can flow from the section 46 b intothe chamber 64, and thence via the ports 62 into the flow passagesection 46 a . However, in other examples the chamber 64 could be sealedoff from the flow passage section 46 b, if desired.

Referring additionally now to FIG. 6, another example of the valve 50 isrepresentatively illustrated in a cross-sectional view thereof. The FIG.6 example may be used in substitution for, or in combination with, theexample of FIGS. 3-5.

In the FIG. 6 example, fluid momentum is used to maintain the closuremember 52 in its open position. The fluid 60 impinges on a projection 66extending from the closure member 52 into the flow passage 46. Thisimpingement prevents the closure member 52 from displacing toward itsclosed position, while the fluid 60 flows through the passage 46.

As depicted in FIG. 6, the projection 66 has a rounded shape, and isgradually sloped in an upstream direction. However, in other examples,other shapes (such as vanes, airfoils, bluff bodies, etc.) may be usedas desired. In addition, other structures (such as a deflector 68 in theflow passage 46 that deflects the fluid 60 toward the closure member 52)may be used to enhance transfer of energy from the fluid to the closuremember.

It may now be fully appreciated that the above disclosure providessignificant advancements to the arts of constructing and operating fluidflow control valves. In examples described above, a closure member 52 ismaintained in an open position, with displacement toward a closedposition being prevented, while fluid 60 flows through a valve 50. Bypreventing displacement of the closure member 52 toward the closedposition, reciprocation of the closure member between its open andclosed positions is also prevented, thereby reducing or eliminating wearand damage to the valve 50.

More specifically, the above disclosure provides to the art a valveassembly 40 for use in a subterranean well. In one example, the valveassembly 40 includes a housing assembly 42 with tubular stringconnectors 44 at opposite ends of the housing assembly, a flow passage46 extending longitudinally through the valve assembly 40, a firstlongitudinal section 46 a of the flow passage having less flow area thana second longitudinal section 46 b of the flow passage, and at least onevalve 50 that permits flow in a first direction 34 through the flowpassage 46 but prevents flow through the flow passage in a seconddirection 36 opposite to the first direction. The valve 50 includes aclosure member 52. In an open position of the closure member 52, theclosure member is disposed between the second flow passage section 46 band a chamber 64 in fluid communication with the first flow passagesection 46 a.

The closure member 52 may be maintained in the open position by apressure differential between the first and second flow passage sections46 a,b. Displacement of the closure member 52 toward a closed positionmay be prevented by a pressure differential between the second flowpassage section 46 b and the chamber 64.

The valve assembly 40 can also include at least one port 62 extendingthrough a body 56 of the valve 50. The port 62 may provide fluidcommunication between the first flow passage section 46 a and thechamber 64.

The first flow passage section 46 a may be downstream of the second flowpassage section 46 b with respect to flow in the first direction 34. Inother examples, the first flow passage section 46 a could be positionedupstream of the second flow passage section 46 b.

Fluid 60 may flow from the second flow passage section 46 b to thechamber 64, and from the chamber to the first flow passage section 46 a.

The closure member 52 may comprise a flapper pivotably disposed relativeto a valve seat 54.

Also provided to the art by the above disclosure is a method ofoperating a valve assembly 40 in a well. In one example, the methodcomprises: connecting the valve assembly 40 in a tubular string 12, thevalve assembly including at least one valve 50 that permits flow in afirst direction 34 through a longitudinal flow passage 46 of the valveassembly 40 but prevents flow in a second direction 36 opposite to thefirst direction; and flowing fluid 60 in the first direction 34 throughthe tubular string 12, thereby displacing a closure member 52 of thevalve 50 to an open position and preventing displacement of the closuremember toward a closed position.

The displacement preventing step can include producing a pressuredifferential across the closure member 52, the pressure differentialpreventing the closure member from displacing toward the closedposition.

The closure member 52 displacing step may include disposing the closuremember between the flow passage 46 and a chamber 64 of the valve 50, thepressure differential being produced from the flow passage to thechamber.

The valve 50 may include at least one port 62 that provides fluidcommunication between the chamber 64 and a venturi section 46 a of theflow passage 46.

The displacement preventing step may comprise producing a pressuredifferential between separate longitudinal sections 46 a,b of the flowpassage 46.

The displacement preventing step may comprise the fluid 60 impinging ona projection 66 that extends from the closure member 52 into the flowpassage 46 when the closure member is in the open position.

The closure member 52 may comprise a flapper, and the displacing stepmay comprise pivoting the flapper away from a valve seat 54.

The above disclosure also describes a well system 10. In one example,the well system 10 comprises a coiled tubing 20 string including a valveassembly 40 with at least one valve 50 that permits flow into a wellbore14 via the coiled tubing string but prevents flow from the wellbore viathe coiled tubing string. The valve 50 comprises a flapper (e.g., theclosure member 52) having an open position in which the flow into thewellbore 14 is permitted through the valve. The flow into the wellbore14 with the flapper in the open position produces a pressuredifferential across the flapper, and the pressure differential preventsdisplacement of the flapper toward a closed position.

The valve 50 can also include a flow passage 46 extending longitudinallythrough the valve, a first section 46 a of the flow passage having aflow area that is less than a flow area of a second section 46 b of theflow passage at the flapper in the open position. The first flow passagesection 46 a is in fluid communication with a flapper side 52 a thatfaces away from the second flow passage section 46 b with the flapper inthe open position.

The flapper side 52 a may be in fluid communication with the first flowpassage section 46 a via at least one port 62 extending through a body56 of the valve 50.

Fluid 60 may flow from the second flow passage section 46 b to a chamber64 separated by the flapper from the second flow passage section, andfrom the chamber to the first flow passage section 46 a . The chamber 64may be in fluid communication with the first flow passage section 46 avia at least one port 62 extending through a body 56 of the valve 50.

The valve 50 can include a projection 66 that extends from the flapperinto the second flow passage section 46 b with the flapper in the openposition, whereby the flow into the wellbore 14 impinges on theprojection and thereby prevents displacement of the flapper toward theclosed position.

Although various examples have been described above, with each examplehaving certain features, it should be understood that it is notnecessary for a particular feature of one example to be used exclusivelywith that example. Instead, any of the features described above and/ordepicted in the drawings can be combined with any of the examples, inaddition to or in substitution for any of the other features of thoseexamples. One example's features are not mutually exclusive to anotherexample's features. Instead, the scope of this disclosure encompassesany combination of any of the features.

Although each example described above includes a certain combination offeatures, it should be understood that it is not necessary for allfeatures of an example to be used. Instead, any of the featuresdescribed above can be used, without any other particular feature orfeatures also being used.

It should be understood that the various embodiments described hereinmay be utilized in various orientations, such as inclined, inverted,horizontal, vertical, etc., and in various configurations, withoutdeparting from the principles of this disclosure. The embodiments aredescribed merely as examples of useful applications of the principles ofthe disclosure, which is not limited to any specific details of theseembodiments.

In the above description of the representative examples, directionalterms (such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” etc.) are used forconvenience in referring to the accompanying drawings. However, itshould be clearly understood that the scope of this disclosure is notlimited to any particular directions described herein.

The terms “including,” “includes,” “comprising,” “comprises,” andsimilar terms are used in a non-limiting sense in this specification.For example, if a system, method, apparatus, device, etc., is describedas “including” a certain feature or element, the system, method,apparatus, device, etc., can include that feature or element, and canalso include other features or elements. Similarly, the term “comprises”is considered to mean “comprises, but is not limited to.”

Of course, a person skilled in the art would, upon a carefulconsideration of the above description of representative embodiments ofthe disclosure, readily appreciate that many modifications, additions,substitutions, deletions, and other changes may be made to the specificembodiments, and such changes are contemplated by the principles of thisdisclosure. For example, structures disclosed as being separately formed(such as, the housing assembly 42 and the valve body 56 described above)can, in other examples, be integrally formed and vice versa.Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description is to be clearlyunderstood as being given by way of illustration and example only, thespirit and scope of the invention being limited solely by the appendedclaims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of operating a valve assembly in a well,the method comprising: connecting the valve assembly in a tubularstring, the valve assembly including at least one valve that permitsflow in a first direction through a longitudinal flow passage of thevalve assembly but prevents flow in a second direction opposite to thefirst direction; flowing fluid in the first direction through thetubular string, thereby displacing a closure member of the valve to anopen position; increasing a velocity of the fluid through a firstsection of the longitudinal flow passage, thereby creating a reducedpressure in the first section; and exposing a side of the closure memberto the reduced pressure, thereby preventing displacement of the closuremember toward a closed position, the exposing comprising communicatingthe reduced pressure to the side of the closure member via at least oneport substantially isolated from the flow passage between the flowpassage first section and the side of the closure member.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the displacement preventing comprises producing apressure differential across the closure member, the pressuredifferential preventing the closure member from displacing toward theclosed position.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the closure memberdisplacing comprises disposing the closure member between the flowpassage and a chamber of the valve, the pressure differential beingproduced from the flow passage to the chamber.
 4. The method of claim 3,wherein the port provides fluid communication between the chamber andthe first section of the flow passage.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe displacement preventing comprises producing a pressure differentialbetween the first section and a second section of the flow passage. 6.The method of claim 1, wherein the displacement preventing comprises thefluid impinging on a projection that extends from the closure memberinto the flow passage when the closure member is in the open position.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the closure member comprises aflapper, and wherein the displacing comprises pivoting the flapper awayfrom a valve seat.
 8. A well system, comprising: a coiled tubing stringincluding a valve assembly with at least one valve that permits flowinto a wellbore via the coiled tubing string but prevents flow from thewellbore via the coiled tubing string, wherein the valve comprises aflapper having an open position in which the flow into the wellbore ispermitted through a flow passage of the valve, wherein the flow into thewellbore with the flapper in the open position creates a reducedpressure which is transmitted to a side of the flapper via a flow pathformed radially between a body of the valve and a housing of the valveassembly, thereby producing a pressure differential across the flapper,wherein the pressure differential prevents displacement of the flappertoward a closed position, and wherein at least one port communicates thereduced pressure from the flow passage to the flow path, the port beingisolated from the flow passage between the flow path and the flowpassage.
 9. The well system of claim 8, wherein a first section of theflow passage has a flow area that is less than a flow area of a secondsection of the flow passage at the flapper in the open position, andwherein the first flow passage section is in fluid communication withthe flapper side that faces away from the second flow passage sectionwith the flapper in the open position.
 10. The well system of claim 9,wherein the port extends through the body of the valve.
 11. The wellsystem of claim 9, wherein fluid flows from the second flow passagesection to a chamber separated by the flapper from the second flowpassage section, and from the chamber to the first flow passage section.12. The well system of claim 11, wherein the chamber is in fluidcommunication with the first flow passage section via the port extendingthrough the body of the valve.
 13. The well system of claim 9, whereinthe valve further comprises a projection that extends from the flapperinto the second flow passage section with the flapper in the openposition, whereby the flow into the wellbore impinges on the projectionand thereby prevents displacement of the flapper toward the closedposition.